Thirty Years War – Violent Birth of Modern Europe: Modern Europe is the product of the gradual evolution of political, economic, and social institutions, interspersed with cataclysmic events as the old order resisted change.

Whirlwind: A detailed analysis of the Soviet offensive against Germany on the Eastern Front following the failure of Operation Barbarossa.

Whirlwind – The Soviet-German War 1943-1945: Stalingrad was the end of major German advances in the east, but not the end of the war. Despite massive losses in the first eighteen months of fighting, the Soviets were just reaching their peak strength, coupled with an increasing stream of weapons, supplies, and equipment from the western Allies.

American Revolution: Britain was the superpower of the day in the last half of the eighteenth century: her navy the equal of any two others; possessed of rich colonies in North America, the Caribbean, India, and the Far East; with a merchant fleet carrying the wealth of nations across every ocean.

American Revolution: Britain was the superpower of the day in the last half of the eighteenth century: her navy the equal of any two others; possessed of rich colonies in North America, the Caribbean, India, and the Far East; with a merchant fleet carrying the wealth of nations across every ocean.

Tet Offensive: Appearances can be deceiving. In 1968, the leadership of North Vietnam was convinced victory in the decades-old war for control of the nations of Indochina. A massive country-wide offensive exploded during the lunar new year. Viet Cong guerrillas supported by regular units of the North Vietnamese army overran towns and cities across the south as the surprised soldiers of the US and the Republic of Vietnam flailed helplessly.

Tet Offensive: Appearances can be deceiving. In 1968, the leadership of North Vietnam was convinced victory in the decades-old war for control of the nations of Indochina. A massive country-wide offensive exploded during the lunar new year. Viet Cong guerrillas supported by regular units of the North Vietnamese army overran towns and cities across the south as the surprised soldiers of the US and the Republic of Vietnam flailed helplessly.

Crusades: Europe was nearing the peak of the High Middle Ages in the late eleventh century. A growing population supported not only rapid expansion of arable land, but the growth of cities that in turn fostered trade and the arts. The continent began looking outward, nowhere more so than the Levant, where Islamic expansion had subsumed much of Classical Antiquity.